@BOOK{
  Abeles:CorticalCircuits,
  AUTHOR    = "Abeles, M.",
  YEAR      = 1984,
  TITLE     = "Local Cortical Circuits",
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@TECHREPORT{
  Agree:EverydayLife,
  AUTHOR    = "Agree, Ph.",
  YEAR      = 1988,
  TITLE     = "The Dynamic Structures of Everyday Life",
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  NUMBER    = "Number AI-TR 1085",
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@ARTICLE{
  Allman:NonClassicalProperties,
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  YEAR      = 1985,
  TITLE     = "Non-classical receptive field properties",
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  VOLUME    = "8",
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@ARTICLE{
  Baeza:PrecellularSystems,
  AUTHOR    = "Baeza, I. and M. Iba{\~n}ez and A. Lazcano and
               C. Santiago and C. Arguello and C. Wong and J. Or{\'o}",
  YEAR      = 1987,
  TITLE     = "Liposomes with polyribonucleotides as models of
               precellular systems",
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  VOLUME    = 17,
  PAGES     = "187--199"
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@BOOK{
  Bonner:EvolutionOfComplexity,
  AUTHOR    = "Bonner, J. T.",
  YEAR      = 1988,
  TITLE     = "The Evolution of Complexity",
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  }

@TECHREPORT{
  Brooks:NoRepresentation,
  AUTHOR    = "Brooks, Rodney A.",
  YEAR      = 1987,
  TITLE     = "Intelligence without representation",
  TYPE      = "MIT Artificial Intelligence Report",
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@ARTICLE{
  Brooks:NoRepresentation2,
  AUTHOR    = "Brooks, Rodney A.",
  TITLE     = "Intelligence without representations",
  JOURNAL   = "International Journal of Cognitive Science",
  YEAR      = 1991,
  NOTE      = "Guest Editor: L. Steels. In Press."
  }

@BOOK{
  Buss:EvolutionOfIndividuality,
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  YEAR      = 1987,
  TITLE     = "The Evolution of Individuality",
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@ARTICLE{
  Castoriadis:Letat,
  AUTHOR    = "Castoriadis, C.",
  YEAR      = 1987,
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  JOURNAL   = "Topique",
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@ARTICLE{
  Deamer:EarlyEarth,
  AUTHOR    = "Deamer, D. W.",
  YEAR      = 1986,
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               membrane structure on the early Earth",
  JOURNAL   = "Origins of Life",
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@ARTICLE{
  Deamer:Encapsulation,
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  YEAR      = 1982,
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@BOOK{
  Farmer:EvolutionGamesLearning,
  EDITOR    = "Farmer, J. and A. Lapedes and N. Packard and B. Wendroff",
  YEAR      = 1986,
  TITLE     = "Evolution, Games and Learning",
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@PHDTHESIS{
  Fleischaker:Autopoiesis,
  AUTHOR    = "Fleischaker, G.",
  YEAR      = 1988,
  TITLE     = "Autopoiesis: System logic and the origin of life",
  SCHOOL    = "Boston University",
  TYPE      = "Ph.D. Dissertation",
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@INCOLLECTION{
  Harnad:SGP,
  AUTHOR    = "Harnad, S.",
  TITLE     = "The symbol grounding problem",
  YEAR      = 1991,
  EDITOR    = "S.Forrest",
  BOOKTITLE = "Emergent Computation",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  John:MemoryMaps,
  AUTHOR    = "John, E. and Y. Tang and A. Brill and R. Young and K. Ono",
  YEAR      = 1986,
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  JOURNAL   = "Science",
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@ARTICLE{
  Lewontin:OrganismAsSubjectAndObject,
  AUTHOR    = "Lewontin, R.",
  YEAR      = 1983,
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@ARTICLE{
  Luisi:SRMicelles,
  AUTHOR    = "Luisi, L. and F. Varela",
  YEAR      = 1989,
  TITLE     = "Self replicating micelles: A minimal version of a
               chemical autopoietic system",
  JOURNAL   = "Origins of Life",
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@ARTICLE{
  Lazcano:PrebioticEvolution,
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@BOOK{
  Margulis:Symbiosis,
  AUTHOR    = "Margulis, L.",
  YEAR      = 1981,
  TITLE     = "Symbiosis in Cell Evolution",
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@BOOK{
  Margulis:FiveKingdoms,
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  YEAR      = 1988,
  TITLE     = "Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of
               Life on Earth",
  PUBLISHER = "W. H. Freeman",
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@BOOK{
  Maturana:DeMaquinas,
  AUTHOR    = "Maturana, H. and F. Varela",
  YEAR      = 1973,
  TITLE     = "De M{\'a}quinas y Seres Vivos: Una teor{\'\i}a de la
               organizaci{\'o}n biol{\'o}gica",
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@BOOK{
  Minsky:SOM,
  AUTHOR    = "Minsky, M.",
  YEAR      = 1987,
  TITLE     = "The Society of Mind",
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@ARTICLE{
  Searle:BrainComputer,
  AUTHOR    = "Searle, J.",
  TITLE     = "Is the brain a digital computer?",
  YEAR      = 1990,
  JOURNAL   = "Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association",
  VOLUME    = "64",
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@ARTICLE{
  Thompson:WaysOfColoring,
  AUTHOR    = "Thompson, E. and A. Palacios and F. Varela",
  YEAR      = 1992,
  TITLE     = "Ways of coloring: Comparative color vision as a case
               study in cognitive science",
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@INCOLLECTION{
  Varela:OriginOfMeaning,
  AUTHOR    = "Varela, Francisco J.",
  YEAR      = 1988,
  TITLE     = "Structural coupling of simple cellular automata: On
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               Immune System",
  SERIES    = "NATO ASI Series",
  VOLUME    = "H23",
  PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
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@INCOLLECTION{
  Varela:SelflessSelves,
  AUTHOR    = "Varela, Francisco J.",
  YEAR      = 1991,
  TITLE     = "Organism: A meshwork of selfless selves",
  EDITOR    = "Tauber",
  BOOKTITLE = "Organism and the Origin of Self",
  PUBLISHER = "Kluwer Assoc.",
  ADDRESS   = "Dordrecht",
  PAGES     = "79--107"
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@ARTICLE{
  Varela:2GImmuneNets,
  AUTHOR    = "Varela, Francisco J. and A. Coutinho",
  YEAR      = 1991,
  TITLE     = "Second generation immune networks",
  JOURNAL   = "Immunology Today",
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  PAGES     = "159--167"
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@INCOLLECTION{
  Varela:CognitiveNets,
  AUTHOR    = "Varela, Francisco J. and B. Dupire and A. Coutinho",
  YEAR      = 1988,
  TITLE     = "Cognitive networks: Immune, neural and otherwise",
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  SERIES    = "SFI Series on Complexity",
  PUBLISHER = "Addison Wesley",
  ADDRESS   = "New Jersey",
  PAGES     = "359--375"
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@ARTICLE{
  Zecevic:AplysiaGillReflex,
  AUTHOR    = "Zecevic, D. and J. Wu and L. Cohen and J. London and
               H. H{\"o}pp and C. Falk",
  YEAR      = 1989,
  TITLE     = "Hundreds of neurons in the Aplysia abdominal
               ganglion are active during the gill-withdrawal reflex",
  JOURNAL   = "Journal of Neuroscience",
  VOLUME    = 9,
  PAGES     = "3681--3689"
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@BOOK{
  Lacy:DictionaryOfPhilosophy,
  AUTHOR    = "Lacy, A. R.",
  TITLE     = "A Dictionary of Philosophy",
  YEAR      = 1986,
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@ARTICLE{
  Barlow:SingleUnits,
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@BOOK{
  Bunge:CausalityAndModernScience,
  AUTHOR    = "Bunge, M.",
  YEAR      = 1979,
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@ARTICLE{
  Eckhorn:CoherentOscillations,
  AUTHOR    = "Eckhorn, R. and others",
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@ARTICLE{
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@ARTICLE{
  Gray:OscillatoryResponses,
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               Inter-columnar Synchronization which Reflects Global
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@ARTICLE{
  Hinton:LearningInParallelNetworks,
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@INCOLLECTION{
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@INCOLLECTION{
  Bourgine:TowardsAutonomousSystems,
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@BOOK{
  Watanabe:PatternRecognition,
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@BOOK{
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@ARTICLE{
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@INCOLLECTION{
  Rosen:OrganismsAsCausalSystems,
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@INCOLLECTION{
  Bennett56,
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@BOOK{
  Babloyantz86,
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@BOOK{
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@TECHREPORT{
  Furlong86,
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@BOOK{
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  TITLE     = "Science and Relativism---Some Key
               Controversies in the Philosophy of Science",
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  ADDRESS   = "Chicago",
  YEAR      = "1990"
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@INCOLLECTION{
  Moore62,
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@BOOK{
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@BOOK{
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  YEAR      = "1991",
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@TECHREPORT{
  Vernon_and_Furlong92,
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  TITLE     = "Limitations of Scientific Ontology",
  TYPE      = "Technical Report",
  INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science,
                 Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland",
  YEAR      = "1992"
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@BOOK{
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  AUTHOR    = "L. Wittgenstein",
  TITLE     = "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus",
  YEAR      = 1921,
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@INCOLLECTION{
  Ackley:LearningAndEvolution,
  AUTHOR  = "Ackley, D. and Litman, M.",
  YEAR    = 1991,
  TITLE   = "Interactions between learning and evolution",
  CROSSREF = "Langton:ALife2",
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@UNPUBLISHED{
  Cariani:StructuralAdaptability,
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@ARTICLE{
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@ARTICLE{
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@UNPUBLISHED{
  Merelo:CognitionAndPerception,
  AUTHOR  = "Merelo, J. and Moreno, A. and Moran, F.",
  YEAR    = 1992,
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@ARTICLE{
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@ARTICLE{
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@BOOK{
  Bennett:DramaticUniverse,
  AUTHOR    = "Bennett, J.G.",
  TITLE     = "The Dramatic Universe, Vols.1 - 4",
  YEAR      = "1956--1966",
  PUBLISHER = "Hodder \& Stoughton",
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@BOOK{
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               Philosophy of Science",
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@BOOK{
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@BOOK{
  Sepper88,
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@ARTICLE{
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@BOOK{
  Braitenberg:Vehicles,
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  USAGE     = "Riegler [2]"
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@TECHREPORT{
  Brooks:WithoutReason,
  AUTHOR      = "Rodney A. Brooks",
  TITLE       = "Intelligence Without Reason",
  INSTITUTION = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
                 Artificial Intelligence Laboratory",
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  TYPE        = "A.I. Memo",
  NUMBER      = 1293,
  USAGE     = "Riegler [3]"
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@INPROCEEDINGS{
  Caruana:HiddenBias,
  AUTHOR    = "Caruana, Richard A. and Schaffer, J. David",
  TITLE     = "Representation and Hidden Bias:
               Gray vs. Binary Coding for Genetic Algorithms",
  BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Machine Learning",
  PUBLISHER = "",
  ADDRESS   = "",
  YEAR      = 1988,
  EDITOR    = "",
  CHAPTER   = "",
  PAGES     = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [4]"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Cliff:Hoverfly,
  AUTHOR    = "Cliff, Dave",
  TITLE     = "The Computational Hoverfly: A Study in
               Computational Neuroethology",
  CROSSREF  = "Meyer:Animats1",
  PAGES     = "87--96",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [5]"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Collins:Antfarm,
  AUTHOR    = "Collins, Robert J. and Jefferson, David R.",
  TITLE     = "Antfarm: Towards Simulated Evolution",
  CROSSREF  = "Langton:Alife2",
  PAGES     = "579--601",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [6]"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Dennett:CognitiveWheels,
  AUTHOR    = "Dennett, Daniel C.",
  TITLE     = "Cognitive Wheels: The Frame Problem of AI",
  CROSSREF  = "Hookway:MindsAndEvolution",
  CHAPTER   = "",
  PAGES     = "129--151",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [7]"
  }

  NOTE      = "Also reprinted as {\em Chap.~7, pages 147--170
               of:\/} \cciteAD{Boden:PhilosophyOfAI}",

@INCOLLECTION{
  VonFoerster:ConstructingReality,
  AUTHOR    = "von Foerster, Heinz ",
  TITLE     = "On Constructing a Reality",
  CROSSREF  = "Preiser:EnvironmentalResearch",
  CHAPTER   = "",
  PAGES     = "35--46",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [8]"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Forrest:CooperativePhenomena,
  AUTHOR    = "Forrest, Stephanie",
  TITLE     = "Emergent Computation: Self-Organizing,
               Collective, and Cooperative Phenomena in Natural
               and Artificial Computing networks",
  CROSSREF  = "Forrest:EmergentComputation",
  CHAPTER   = "",
  PAGES     = "",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [9]"
  }

@BOOK{
  Furth:Piaget,
  AUTHOR    = "Furth, Hans G.",
  TITLE     = "Piaget and Knowledge. Theoretical Foundations",
  PUBLISHER = "Prentice-Hall",
  ADDRESS   = "Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
  YEAR      = 1969,
  USAGE     = "Riegler [10]"
  }

@BOOK{
  Gardner:MindsScience,
  AUTHOR    = "Gardner, Howard",
  TITLE     = "The Mind's New Science",
  PUBLISHER = "Basic Books",
  ADDRESS   = "New York, NY",
  YEAR      = 1985,
  USAGE     = "Riegler [11]"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  VonGlaserfeld:Constructivism,
  AUTHOR    = "von Glasersfeld, Ernst",
  TITLE     = "An Exposition of Radical Constructivism",
  CROSSREF  = "Donaldson:CyberneticTheory",
  CHAPTER   = "",
  PAGES     = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [12]"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Jefferson:Genesys,
  AUTHOR    = "Jefferson, David and others",
  TITLE     = "Evolution as a Theme in Artificial Life:
               The Genesys/Tracker System",
  CROSSREF  = "Langton:ALife2",
  PAGES     = "549--578",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [13]"
  }

  Langton:ALifeDefinition,
  USAGE     = "Riegler [14]"

@INCOLLECTION{
  Langton:PrefaceToAlife2,
  AUTHOR    = "Christopher G. Langton",
  TITLE     = "Preface to Artificial Life II",
  CROSSREF  = "Langton:Alife2",
  PAGES     = "xiii--xviii",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [15]"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Lighthill:AISurvey,
  AUTHOR    = "Lighthill, Sir James",
  TITLE     = "Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey",
  CROSSREF  = "SRC:AI",
  CHAPTER   = "",
  PAGES     = "",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [16]"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Maes:AgentsHaveGoals,
  AUTHOR    = "Maes, Pattie",
  TITLE     = "Situated Agents Can Have Goals",
  CROSSREF  = "Maes:AutonomousAgents",
  CHAPTER   = "",
  PAGES     = "",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [17]"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Maturana:CognitiveStrategies,
  AUTHOR    = "Maturana, Humberto R.",
  TITLE     = "Cognitive Strategies",
  CROSSREF  = "VonFoerster:Cybernetics",
  CHAPTER   = "",
  PAGES     = "457--469",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [18]"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Maturana:BiologyOfLanguage,
  AUTHOR    = "Maturana, Humberto R.",
  TITLE     = "Biology of Language",
  CROSSREF  = "Miller:LanguageAndThought",
  PAGES     = "27--63",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [19]"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Newell:Symbols,
  AUTHOR    = "Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon",
  TITLE     = "Computer Science as Empirical Enquiry: Symbols and
               Search",
  JOURNAL   = cacm,
  YEAR      = 1976,
  VOLUME    = 19,
  MONTH     = Mar,
  PAGES     = "113--126",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [21]"
  }

  NOTE      = "Also reprinted as {\em Chap.~1, pages 35--66
               of:\/} \cciteAD{Haugeland:MindDesign}",

@INCOLLECTION{
  Peschl:MultimodalModel,
  AUTHOR    = "Peschl, Markus F.",
  TITLE     = "A Multimodal Model of Cognition---Neural
               Networks and Cognitive Modeling",
  CROSSREF  = "Kohonen:ICANN91",
  CHAPTER   = "",
  PAGES     = "1755-1758",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [22]"
  }

@BOOK{
  Piaget:ConstructionOfReality,
  AUTHOR    = "Piaget, Jean",
  TITLE     = "The Construction of Reality in the Child",
  PUBLISHER = "Ballentine",
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
  YEAR      = 1954,
  USAGE     = "Riegler [23]"
  }

@BOOK{
  Piaget:PsychologyOfTheChild,
  AUTHOR    = "Piaget, Jean and Inhelder, B{\"a}rbel",
  TITLE     = "The psychology of the Child",
  PUBLISHER = "Basic Books",
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
  YEAR      = 1969,
  USAGE     = "Riegler [24]"
  }

@BOOK{
  Piaget:GeneticEpistemology,
  AUTHOR    = "Piaget, Jean",
  TITLE     = "Genetic epistomology",
  PUBLISHER = "Columbia University Press",
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
  YEAR      = 1970,
  USAGE     = "Riegler [25]"
  }

@MASTERSTHESIS{
  Riegler:TKW,
  AUTHOR    = "Riegler, Alexander",
  YEAR      = 1991,
  TITLE     = "TKW---Pl{\"a}doyer f{\"u}r eine technische
               Kognitions\-wissenschaft. [Pleading for a
               Constructivist Technical Cognitive Science]",
  SCHOOL    = "Technical University of Vienna, Austria",
  TYPE      = "Master's Thesis",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [26]"
  }

@BOOK{
  Segal:DreamOfReality,
  AUTHOR    = "Segal, L.",
  TITLE     = "The Dream of Reality.
               Heinz von Foerster's Constructivism",
  PUBLISHER = "W. W. Norton \& Co.",
  ADDRESS   = "New York, London",
  YEAR      = 1986,
  USAGE     = "Riegler [27]"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Stary:EpistemologicalContext,
  AUTHOR    = "Stary, C. and Peschl, M. and Mayer, C. and Riegler, A.",
  TITLE     = "Providing Epistemological Context for
               Conventional Machine Learning,
               Parallel Distributed Processing, and Artificial Life",
  JOURNAL   = "Complex Systems",
  YEAR      = 1992,
  VOLUME    = "",
  NUMBER    = "",
  PAGES     = "",
  MONTH     = "",
  NOTE      = "Submitted",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [28]"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Steels:AnalogicalRepresentations,
  AUTHOR    = "Steels, Luc",
  TITLE     = "Exploiting Analogical Representations",
  CROSSREF  = "Maes:AutonomousAgents",
  CHAPTER   = "",
  PAGES     = "",
  NOTE      = "",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [29]"
  }

@BOOK{
  Varela:Kognition,
  AUTHOR    = "Varela, Francisco J.",
  TITLE     = "Kognitionwissenschaft---Kognitionstechnik",
  PUBLISHER = "Suhrkamp",
  ADDRESS   = "Frankfurt a. M.",
  YEAR      = 1990,
  NOTE      = "German translation of Varela, Francisco J. (1988)
               {\em Cognitive Science: A Cartography of Current
               Ideas}",
  USAGE     = "Riegler [30]"
  }

@BOOK{
  Varela:Cartography,
  AUTHOR    = "Varela, Francisco J.",
  TITLE     = "Cognitive Science: A Cartography of Current Ideas",
  PUBLISHER = "",
  ADDRESS   = "",
  YEAR      = 1988
  }

@BOOK{
  Winograd:ComputersAndCognition,
  AUTHOR    = "Winograd, Terry and Flores, Fernando",
  TITLE     = "Understanding Computers and Cognition:
               A New Foundation for Design",
  PUBLISHER = "Ablex",
  ADDRESS   = "Norwood, NJ",
  YEAR      = 1986,
  USAGE     = "Riegler [31]"
  }

@BOOK{
  Kohonen:ICANN91,
  EDITOR    = "Kohonen and others",
  TITLE     = "Artificial Networks (ICANN '91)",
  BOOKTITLE = "Artificial Networks (ICANN '91)",
  PUBLISHER = "North-Holland",
  ADDRESS   = "Amsterdam, New York",
  YEAR      = 1991,
  VOLUME    = 2
  }

@BOOK{
  Miller:LanguageAndThought,
  EDITOR    = "Miller and Lenneberg",
  TITLE     = "Psychology and Biology of Language and Thought",
  BOOKTITLE = "Psychology and Biology of Language and Thought",
  PUBLISHER = "Academic Press",
  ADDRESS   = "",
  YEAR      = 1978
  }

@BOOK{
  VonFoerster:Cybernetics,
  EDITOR    = "Heinz von Foerster",
  TITLE     = "Cybernetics of Cybernetics",
  BOOKTITLE = "Cybernetics of Cybernetics",
  PUBLISHER = "Biological Computer Laboratory,
               University of Illinois",
  ADDRESS   = "",
  YEAR      = 1974
  }

@BOOK{
  Maes:AutonomousAgents,
  EDITOR    = "Maes, Pattie",
  TITLE     = "Designing Autonomous Agents---Theory
               and Practice from Biology to Engineering and Back",
  BOOKTITLE = "Designing Autonomous Agents---Theory
               and Practice from Biology to Engineering and Back",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
  ADDRESS   = "",
  YEAR      = 1990
  }

@BOOK{
  SRC:AI,
  AUTHOR    = "",
  TITLE     = "Artificial Intelligence: A Paper Symposium",
  BOOKTITLE = "Artificial Intelligence: A Paper Symposium",
  PUBLISHER = "Science Research Council",
  ADDRESS   = "London",
  YEAR      = 1973
  }

@BOOK{
  Donaldson:CyberneticTheory,
  EDITOR    = "Donaldson",
  TITLE     = "Texts in Cybernetic Theory",
  BOOKTITLE = "Texts in Cybernetic Theory",
  PUBLISHER = "American Society for Cybernetics",
  ADDRESS   = "",
  YEAR      = 1988
  }

@BOOK{
  Forrest:EmergentComputation,
  EDITOR    = "Forrest, Stephanie",
  TITLE     = "Emergent Computation",
  BOOKTITLE = "Emergent Computation",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT/North Holland",
  ADDRESS   = "London",
  YEAR      = 1990
  }

@BOOK{
  Preiser:EnvironmentalResearch,
  EDITOR    = "Preiser",
  TITLE     = "Environmental Research Design",
  BOOKTITLE = "Environmental Research Design",
  PUBLISHER = "Dowden, Hutchinson \& Ross",
  ADDRESS   = "Stroudsburg",
  YEAR      = 1973,
  VOLUME    = 2
  }

@BOOK{
  Hookway:MindsAndEvolution,
  EDITOR    = "C. Hookway",
  TITLE     = "Minds, Machines, and Evolution: Philosophical
  Studies",
  BOOKTITLE = "Minds, Machines, and Evolution: Philosophical
  Studies",
  PUBLISHER = "Cambridge University Press",
  ADDRESS   = "",
  YEAR      = 1984,
  }

@BOOK{
  Meyer:Animats1,
  EDITOR    = "Meyer and Wilson",
  TITLE     = "From Animals to Animats.
               Proceedings of the First International Conference
               on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior",
  BOOKTITLE = "From Animals to Animats.
               Proceedings of the First International Conference
               on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior",
  PUBLISHER = "The MIT Press/Bradford Books",
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge, MA",
  YEAR      = 1991
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Agre:Pengi,
  AUTHOR    = "Agre, P.E. and Chapman, D.",
  YEAR      = "1987",
  TITLE     = "Pengi: An Implementation of a Theory of Activity",
  BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of AAAI-87",
  PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc.",
  PAGES     = "268-272"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Arbib:VisuallyGuided,
  AUTHOR    = "Arbib, M.A.",
  YEAR      = "1987",
  TITLE     = "Levels of Modelling of Mechanisms of Visually Guided Behaviour",
  JOURNAL   = "Behavioural and Brain Sciences",
  VOLUME    = 10,
  PAGES     = "407--465"
  }

@BOOK{
  Black:InformationInBrain,
  AUTHOR    = "Black, I.B.",
  YEAR      = "1988",
  TITLE     = "Information in the Brain: A Molecular Perspective",
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge MA",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press"
  }

@BOOK{
  Bleloch:LearningOnCM,
  AUTHOR    = "Bleloch, G. and Rosenberg, C.R.",
  YEAR      = "1988",
  TITLE     = "Network Learning on the Connection Machine.
	       Connectionist Models and Their Implications",
  ADDRESS   = "Norwood, NJ",
  PUBLISHER = "Ablex"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Brooks:WithoutRepresentation,
  AUTHOR    = "Brooks, R.",
  YEAR      = "1991",
  TITLE     = "Intelligence Without Representation",
  JOURNAL   = "Artificial Intelligence",
  VOLUME    = 47,
  PAGES     = "139--161"
  }

@BOOK{
  Davis:Computability,
  AUTHOR    = "Davis, M.D. and Weyuker, E.J.",
  YEAR      = "1983",
  TITLE     = "Computability, Complexity and Languages,
	       Fundamentals of Theoretical Computer Science",
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
  PUBLISHER = "Academic Press"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Dyer:NeuroEng,
  AUTHOR    = "Dyer, M. G.",
  YEAR      = "1991",
  TITLE     = "Symbolic Neuro-engineering for Natural Language Processing:
	       A Multi-level Research Approach",
  EDITOR    = "Barnden, J. and Pollack, J.",
  BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Connectionist Neural Computation",
  ADDRESS   = "Norwood, NJ",
  PUBLISHER = "Ablex"
  }

@BOOK{
  Edelman:NeuralDarwinism,
  AUTHOR    = "Edelman, G. M.",
  YEAR      = "1989",
  TITLE     = "Neural Darwinism, the Theory of Neuronal Group Selection",
  ADDRESS   = "Oxford",
  PUBLISHER = "Oxford"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Elman:StructureInTime,
  AUTHOR    = "Elman, J.",
  YEAR      = "1990",
  TITLE     = "Finding Structure in Time",
  JOURNAL   = "Cognitive Science",
  VOLUME    = 14,
  PAGES     = "215--239"
  }

@BOOK{
  Ginsburg:PiagetsTheory,
  AUTHOR    = "Ginsburg, H. and Opper, S.",
  YEAR      = "1969",
  TITLE     = "Piaget's Theory of Intellectual Development",
  ADDRESS   = "NJ",
  PUBLISHER = "Prentice Hall"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Gelman:Induction,
  AUTHOR    = "Gelman, S.A.",
  YEAR      = "1988",
  TITLE     = "The Development of Induction Within Natural Kind and
	       Artefact Categories",
  JOURNAL   = "Cognitive Psychology",
  VOLUME    = 20,
  PAGES     = "65--95"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Greenfield:LanguagesToolsBrain,
  AUTHOR    = "Greenfield, P.",
  YEAR      = "1992",
  TITLE     = "Language, Tools, and Brain: The Development and
	       Evolution of Hierarchically Organised
	       Sequential Behaviour",
  JOURNAL   = "Behavioural and Brain Sciences",
  VOLUME    = "",
  PAGES     = "",
  NOTE	    = "Target Article. Forthcoming."
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Hansson:Nanotechnology,
  AUTHOR    = "Hansson, P. A.",
  YEAR      = "1991",
  TITLE     = "Nanotechnology Prospects and Policies",
  JOURNAL   = "Futures",
  MONTH     = Oct,
  PAGES     = "849--859"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Harnad:ConnectingObjectToSymbol,
  AUTHOR    = "Harnad, S.",
  YEAR      = "1992",
  TITLE     = "Connecting Object to Symbol in Modelling Cognition",
  EDITOR    = "Clark, A. and Lutz, R.",
  BOOKTITLE = "Connectionism in context",
  PUBLISHER = "Springer Verlag",
  NOTE	    = "Forthcoming"
  }

@BOOK{
  Harre:PersonalBeing,
  AUTHOR    = "Harr{\`e}, R.",
  YEAR      = "1983",
  TITLE     = "Personal Being. A Theory for Individual Psychology",
  ADDRESS   = "Oxford",
  PUBLISHER = "Basil Blackwell"
  }

@BOOK{
  Judd:ComplexityOfLearning,
  AUTHOR    = "Judd, J.S.",
  YEAR      = "1990",
  TITLE     = "Neural Network Design and the Complexity of Learning",
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge MA",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press"
  }

@BOOK{
  Lakoff:WomenFireDangerousThings,
  AUTHOR    = "Lakoff, G.",
  YEAR      = "1987",
  TITLE     = "Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things:
	       What Categories Reveal About the Mind",
  ADDRESS   = "Chicago",
  PUBLISHER = "University of Chicago Press"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Lenat:ThresholdsOfKnowledge,
  AUTHOR    = "Lenat, D.B. and Feigenbaum, E.A.",
  YEAR      = "1991",
  TITLE     = "On the Thresholds of Knowledge",
  JOURNAL   = "Artificial Intelligence",
  VOLUME    = 47,
  PAGES     = "185--250"
  }

@BOOK{
  Marr:Vision,
  AUTHOR    = "Marr, D.",
  YEAR      = "1982",
  TITLE     = "Vision: A Computational Investigation into the
	       Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information",
  ADDRESS   = "San Francisco",
  PUBLISHER = "W.H. Freeman and Co."
  }

@ARTICLE{
  McCulloch:LogicalCalculus,
  AUTHOR    = "McCulloch, W.S. and Pitts, W.",
  YEAR      = "1943",
  TITLE     = "A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity",
  JOURNAL   = "Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics",
  VOLUME    = 9,
  PAGES     = "127--147",
  NOTE	    = "Reprinted in \cciteAD{Anderson:Neurocomputing1}"
  }

@BOOK{
  Anderson:Neurocomputing1,
  EDITOR    = "Anderson,  J. A. and Rosenfeld, E.",
  TITLE     = "Neurocomputing",
  BOOKTITLE = "Neurocomputing",
  VOLUME    = 1,
  YEAR      = 1988,
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge, MA",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press"
  }

@BOOK{
  Mead:AnalogVLSI,
  AUTHOR    = "Mead, C.",
  YEAR      = "1989",
  TITLE     = "Analog VLSI and Neural Systems",
  ADDRESS   = "Reading, MA",
  PUBLISHER = "Addison Wesley"
  }

@BOOK{
  MerleauPonty:PrimacyOfPerception,
  AUTHOR    = "Merleau-Ponty, M.",
  YEAR      = "1964",
  TITLE     = "The Primacy of Perception",
  NOTE	    = "Translated by Edie, J.M.",
  PUBLISHER = "Northwestern University Press"
  }

@BOOK{
  Minsky:Perceptrons,
  AUTHOR    = "Minsky, M. and Papert, S.",
  YEAR      = "1969",
  TITLE     = "Perceptrons",
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge, MA",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Pellionisz:TensorNetworkTheory,
  AUTHOR    = "Pellionisz, A. and Llinas, R.",
  YEAR      = "1985",
  TITLE     = "Tensor Network Theory of the Metaorganisation of Functional Geometries in the Central Nervous System",
  JOURNAL   = "Neuroscience",
  VOLUME    = 16,
  PAGES     = "245--273",
  NOTE	    = "Reprinted in \cciteAD{Anderson:Neurocomputing2}"
  }

@BOOK{
  Anderson:Neurocomputing2,
  EDITOR    = "Anderson,  J. A. and Pellionisz, A. and Rosenfeld, E.",
  TITLE     = "Neurocomputing",
  BOOKTITLE = "Neurocomputing",
  VOLUME    = 2,
  YEAR      = 1990,
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge, MA",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press"
  }

@BOOK{
  Putnam:ReasonTruthHistory,
  AUTHOR    = "Putnam, H.",
  YEAR      = "1981",
  TITLE     = "Reason, Truth, and History",
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge",
  PUBLISHER = "Cambridge University Press"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Rosch:PrototypeClassification,
  AUTHOR    = "Rosch, E.",
  YEAR      = "1981",
  TITLE     = "Prototype Classification and Logical Classification.
	       The Two Systems",
  EDITOR    = "E. Scholnick",
  BOOKTITLE = "New Trends in Cognitive Representation:
	       Challenges to Piaget's Theory",
  PAGES     = "73--86",
  ADDRESS   = "Hillsdale, N.J",
  PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Earlbaum Associates"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Rosenblat:Perceptron,
  AUTHOR    = "Rosenblat, F.",
  YEAR      = "1958",
  TITLE     = "The Perceptron: a Probabilistic Model for
	       Information Storage and Organisation in the Brain",
  JOURNAL   = "Psychological Review",
  VOLUME    = 65,
  PAGES     = "386--408",
  NOTE	    = "Reprinted in \cciteAD{Anderson:Neurocomputing1}"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Rumelhart:LearningRepresentations,
  AUTHOR    = "Rumelhart, D. E. and Hinton, G.E. and Williams, R. J.",
  YEAR      = "1986",
  TITLE     = "Learning Internal Representations by Error Propagation",
  EDITOR    = "Rummelhart, D. E. and McClelland, J. L.",
  BOOKTITLE = "Parallel Distributed Processing",
  VOLUME    = 1,
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge MA",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Rumelhart:Schemata,
  AUTHOR    = "Rumelhart, D.E. and Smolensky, P. and McClelland,
	       J.L. and Hinton, G.E.",
  YEAR      = "1986",
  TITLE     = "Schemata and Sequential Thought Processes in PDP Models",
  EDITOR    = "Rummelhart, D.E. and McClelland, J.L.",
  BOOKTITLE = "Parallel Distributed Processing",
  VOLUME    = 2,
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge MA",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Smith:Owl,
  AUTHOR    = "Smith, B.C.",
  YEAR      = "1991",
  TITLE     = "The Owl and the Electric Encyclopaedia",
  JOURNAL   = "Artificial Intelligence",
  VOLUME    = 47,
  PAGES     = "251--288"
  }

@BOOK{
  Stillings:CognitiveScience,
  AUTHOR    = "Stillings, N. A. and Feinstein, M.H.
	       and Garfield, J.L. and Rissland, E.L.
	       and Rosenbaum, D.A. and Weisler, S.E. and Baker-Ward, L.",
  YEAR      = "1987",
  TITLE     = "Cognitive Science: An Introduction",
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge, MA",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Touretsky:BoltzCONS,
  AUTHOR    = "Touretsky, D.S.",
  YEAR      = "1990",
  TITLE     = "BoltzCONS:
	       Dynamic Symbol Structures in a Connectionist Network",
  JOURNAL   = "Artificial Intelligence",
  VOLUME    = 46,
  PAGES     = "5--46"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Williams:Rationalism,
  AUTHOR    = "Willams, B.",
  YEAR      = "1972",
  TITLE     = "Rationalism",
  EDITOR    = "Edwards, P.",
  BOOKTITLE = "Encyclopaedia of Philosophy",
  VOLUME    = 7,
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
  PUBLISHER = "Macmillian"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  VanGelder:Compositionality,
  AUTHOR    = "van Gelder, T.",
  YEAR      = "1990",
  TITLE     = "Compositionality:
	       A Connectionist Variation on a Classical Theme",
  JOURNAL   = "Cognitive Science",
  VOLUME    = 14,
  PAGES     = "335--384"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Searle:MindsBrainsPrograms,
  AUTHOR    = "John R. Searle",
  TITLE     = "Minds, Brains, and Programs",
  JOURNAL   = "The Behavioral and Brain Sciences",
  YEAR      = 1980,
  VOLUME    = 3,
  PAGES     = "417--424"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Turing:Intelligence,
  AUTHOR    = "Alan M. Turing",
  TITLE     = "Computing Machinery and Intelligence",
  JOURNAL   = "Mind",
  YEAR      = 1950,
  VOLUME    = "LIX",
  NUMBER    = 236,
  PAGES     = "433--460",
  MONTH     = Oct
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Langton:ALifeDefinition,
  AUTHOR    = "Christopher G. Langton",
  TITLE     = "Artificial Life",
  CROSSREF  = "Langton:ALife1",
  PAGES     = "1--47",
  NOTE      = ""
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Turing:ComputableNumbers,
  AUTHOR    = "Alan Turing",
  TITLE     = "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the
               Entscheidungsproblem",
  JOURNAL   = "Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society",
  YEAR      = 1936,
  VOLUME    = "Series 2, Vol. 42",
  PAGES     = "230--265",
  NOTE      = "Also reprinted, including corrections,
               as {\em pages 116--154 of:\/}
               \cciteAD{Davis:Undecidable}"
  }


@INCOLLECTION{
  Burks:SOS:Computation,
  AUTHOR    = "Arthur W. Burks",
  TITLE     = "Computation, Behavior and Structure in Fixed and
               Growing Automata",
  CROSSREF  = "Yovits:SOS59",
  PAGES     = "282--311",
  NOTE      = ""
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Berlekamp:GameOfLife,
  AUTHOR    = "E. R. Berlekamp and J. H. Conway and R. K. Guy",
  TITLE     = "What is Life?",
  BOOKTITLE = "Winning Ways for your Mathematical Plays",
  VOLUME    = 2,
  PUBLISHER = "Academic Press",
  ADDRESS   = "London",
  YEAR      = 1982,
  CHAPTER   = 25,
  PAGES     = "817--850"
  }

@BOOK{
  Codd:CellularAutomata,
  AUTHOR    = "E. F. Codd",
  TITLE     = "Cellular Automata",
  PUBLISHER = "Academic Press, Inc.",
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
  YEAR      = 1968,
  SERIES    = "ACM Monograph Series"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Thatcher:UniversalityInVNCA,
  AUTHOR    = "J. W. Thatcher",
  TITLE     = "Universality in the von~Neumann Cellular Model",
  CROSSREF  = "Burks:ECA",
  PAGES     = "132--186 (Essay~Five)"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Kampis:Replication,
  AUTHOR    = "G. Kampis and V. Cs\'{a}nyi",
  TITLE     = "Replication in Abstract and Natural Systems",
  JOURNAL   = "BioSystems",
  YEAR      = 1987,
  VOLUME    = 20,
  PAGES     = "143--152"
  }




@ARTICLE{
  Fodor:Connectionism,
  AUTHOR    = "Jerry A. Fodor and Zenon W. Pylyshyn",
  TITLE     = "Connectionism and Cognitive Architecture: A
               Critical Analysis",
  JOURNAL   = "Cognition",
  YEAR      = 1988,
  VOLUME    = 28,
  PAGES     = "3--71"
  }

@BOOK{
  Dreyfus:WhatComputersCantDo,
  AUTHOR    = "Hubert L. Dreyfus",
  TITLE     = "What Computers Can't Do: The Limits of Artificial
               Intelligence",
  PUBLISHER = "Harper \& Row",
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
  YEAR      = 1979,
  EDITION   = "Revised",
  UCD       = "006.3 DRE"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Holland:EscapingBrittleness,
  AUTHOR    = "John H. Holland",
  TITLE     = "Escaping Brittleness: The Possibilities of
               General-Purpose Learning Algorithms Applied to
               Parallel Rule-Based Systems",
  CROSSREF  = "Michalski:MachineLearning2",
  CHAPTER   = "20",
  PAGES     = "593--623"
  }

@BOOK{
  Fodor:LanguageOfThought,
  AUTHOR    = "Jerry A. Fodor",
  TITLE     = "The Language of Thought",
  PUBLISHER = "The Harvester Press Limited",
  ADDRESS   = "Hassocks, Sussex",
  YEAR      = 1976,
  NOTE      = "First published in the United States of America by
               Thomas Y. Crowell Company, Inc."
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Martinez:Unicellularity,
  AUTHOR    = "Hugo M. Martinez",
  TITLE     = "An Automaton Analog of Unicellularity",
  JOURNAL   = "BioSystems",
  YEAR      = 1979,
  VOLUME    = 11,
  PAGES     = "133--162"
  }

@BOOK{
  CairnsSmith:GeneticTakeover,
  AUTHOR    = "A. G. Cairns-Smith",
  TITLE     = "Genetic Takeover and the Mineral Origins of Life",
  PUBLISHER = "Cambridge University Press",
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge",
  YEAR      = 1982
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Beer:APPreface,
  AUTHOR    = "Stafford Beer",
  TITLE     = "Preface to `Autopoiesis: The Organization of the
               Living'",
  CROSSREF  = "Maturana:Autopoiesis",
  PAGES     = "63--72",
  NOTE      = ""
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Ray:TierraUpdate,
  AUTHOR    = "Thomas S. Ray",
  TITLE     = "Tierra Update",
  JOURNAL   = "Alife Digest",
  YEAR      = 1991,
  NUMBER    = "066",
  PAGES     = "",
  MONTH     = "November 5th",
  NOTE      = "{\em Alife Digest\/} is an electronic newsletter
               distributed over {\tt Internet}; for information
               contact:\\ {\tt alife-request@cognet.ucla.edu}"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Taylor:RAM,
  AUTHOR    = "Charles E. Taylor and David R. Jefferson and Scott
               R. Turner and Seth R. Goldman",
  TITLE     = "RAM: Artificial Life for the Exploration of
               Complex Biological Systems",
  CROSSREF  = "Langton:ALife1",
  PAGES     = "275--295",
  NOTE      = ""
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Rizki:EvolveIII,
  AUTHOR    = "Mateen M. Rizki and Michael Conrad",
  TITLE     = "Evolve III: A Discrete Events Model of an
               Evolutionary Ecosystem",
  JOURNAL   = "BioSystems",
  YEAR      = 1985,
  VOLUME    = 18,
  PAGES     = "121--133"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Langton:StudyingALwithCA,
  AUTHOR    = "Christopher G. Langton",
  TITLE     = "Studying Artificial Life with Cellular Automata",
  JOURNAL   = "Physica",
  YEAR      = 1986,
  VOLUME    = "22D",
  PAGES     = "120--149"
  }

@INPROCEEDINGS{
  Laing:ArtificialMolecularMachines,
  AUTHOR    = "Richard A. Laing",
  TITLE     = "Artificial Molecular Machines: A Rapprochement
               Between Kinematic and Tessellation Automata",
  BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the International Symposium on
               Uniformly Structured Automata and Logic, Tokyo",
  YEAR      = 1975,
  PAGES     = "73--80",
  MONTH     = Aug
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Lindsay:ArtificialEvolutionOfIntelligence,
  AUTHOR    = "Robert K. Lindsay",
  TITLE     = "Artificial Evolution of Intelligence",
  JOURNAL   = "Contemporary Psychology",
  YEAR      = 1968,
  VOLUME    = 13,
  NUMBER    = 3,
  PAGES     = "113--116",
  MONTH     = Mar,
  NOTE      = "Review of \cciteAD{Fogel:AIThruEvolution}"
  }

@BOOK{
  Fogel:AIThruEvolution,
  AUTHOR    = "Lawrence J. Fogel and Alvin J. Owens and Michael
               J. Walsh",
  TITLE     = "Artificial Intelligence Through Simulated
               Evolution",
  PUBLISHER = "John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.",
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
  YEAR      = 1966
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Friedberg:ALearningMachineI,
  AUTHOR    = "R. M. Friedberg",
  TITLE     = "A Learning Machine: Part~I",
  JOURNAL   = "IBM Journal",
  YEAR      = 1958,
  PAGES     = "2--13",
  MONTH     = Jan
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Friedberg:ALearningMachineII,
  AUTHOR    = "R. M. Friedberg and B. Dunham and J. H. North",
  TITLE     = "A Learning Machine: Part~II",
  JOURNAL   = "IBM Journal",
  YEAR      = 1959,
  PAGES     = "282--287",
  MONTH     = Jul
  }

@BOOK{
  Holland:Induction,
  AUTHOR    = "John H. Holland and Keith J. Holyoak and Richard E.
               Nisbett and Paul R. Thagard",
  TITLE     = "Induction",
  PUBLISHER = "The MIT Press",
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge",
  SERIES    = "Series: Computational Models of Cognition and Perception",
  YEAR      = 1986,
  NOTE      = "Series Editors: Jerome A. Feldman, Patrick J.
               Hayes, and David E. Rumelhart.
               First MIT Press paperback edition, 1989"
  }

@BOOK{
  Popper:SelfAndItsBrain,
  AUTHOR    = "Karl R. Popper and John C. Eccles",
  TITLE     = "The Self and its Brain: An Argument for
               Interactionism",
  PUBLISHER = "Routledge \& Kegan Paul plc",
  ADDRESS   = "London",
  YEAR      = 1977,
  NOTE      = "First published 1977, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
               This edition first published 1983"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Packard:IntrinsicAdaptation,
  AUTHOR    = "Norman H. Packard",
  TITLE     = "Intrinsic Adaptation in a Simple Model for
               Evolution",
  CROSSREF  = "Langton:ALife1",
  PAGES     = "141--155",
  NOTE      = ""
  }


@ARTICLE{
  Dewdney:AProgramCalledMice,
  AUTHOR    = "A. K. Dewdney",
  TITLE     = "Computer Recreations: A Program Called MICE
               Nibbles its Way to Victory at the First
               Core Wars Tournament",
  JOURNAL   = "Scientific American",
  YEAR      = 1987,
  VOLUME    = "256",
  NUMBER    = "1",
  PAGES     = "8--11",
  MONTH     = Jan
  }


@ARTICLE{
  MaynardSmith:ProteinSpace,
  AUTHOR    = "Maynard Smith, John",
  TITLE     = "Natural Selection and the Concept of a Protein
               Space",
  JOURNAL   = "Nature",
  YEAR      = 1970,
  VOLUME    = 225,
  PAGES     = "563--564",
  MONTH     = "Febuary 7"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Kauffman:EvolvabilityInComplexSystems,
  AUTHOR    = "Stuart A. Kauffman",
  TITLE     = "Requirements for Evolvability in Complex Systems:
               Orderly Dynamics and Frozen Components",
  JOURNAL   = "Physica",
  YEAR      = 1990,
  VOLUME    = "42D",
  PAGES     = "135--152"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Popper:Autobiography,
  AUTHOR    = "Karl R. Popper",
  TITLE     = "Autobiography of Karl Popper",
  CROSSREF  = "Schilpp:Popper",
  PAGES     = "1--181 (Book~I)",
  NOTE      = "See also \cciteAD{Popper:UnendedQuest}"
  }

@BOOK{
  Popper:UnendedQuest,
  AUTHOR    = "Karl R. Popper",
  TITLE     = "Unended Quest",
  PUBLISHER = "Fontana/William Collins Sons \& Co. Ltd",
  ADDRESS   = "Glasgow",
  YEAR      = 1976,
  NOTE      = "First edition published as \cciteAD{Popper:Autobiography}.
               This revised edition first published 1976 by Fontana."
  }

@BOOK{
  Rosen:AnticipatorySystems,
  AUTHOR    = "Robert Rosen",
  TITLE     = "Anticipatory Systems",
  PUBLISHER = "Pergamon Press",
  ADDRESS   = "Oxford",
  YEAR      = 1985,
  VOLUME    = 1,
  SERIES    = "IFSR International Series on Systems Science and
               Engineering",
  NOTE   = "Editor-in-Chief: George J. Klir"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Burks:ECAIntro,
  AUTHOR    = "Arthur W. Burks",
  TITLE     = "Introduction to `Essays on Cellular Automata'",
  CROSSREF  = "Burks:ECA",
  PAGES     = "xi--xxvi"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Burks:AutomataSelfReproduction,
  AUTHOR    = "Arthur W. Burks",
  TITLE     = "Automata Self-Reproduction",
  CROSSREF  = "Burks:TSRA",
  PAGES     = "251--296",
  NOTE      = ""
  }

@BOOK{
  Arbib:AbstractAutomata,
  AUTHOR    = "Michael A. Arbib",
  TITLE     = "Theories of Abstract Automata",
  PUBLISHER = "Prentice-Hall Inc.",
  ADDRESS   = "Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey",
  YEAR      = 1969,
  SERIES    = "Prentice-Hall Series in Automatic Computation",
  UCD       = "511.3 ARB"
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Langton:SRinCA,
  AUTHOR    = "Christopher G. Langton",
  TITLE     = "Self-Reproduction in Cellular Automata",
  JOURNAL   = "Physica",
  YEAR      = 1984,
  VOLUME    = "10D",
  PAGES     = "135--144"
  }

@BOOK{
  Lewis:ElementsOfTheTheoryOfComputation,
  AUTHOR    = "Harry R. Lewis and Christos H. Papadimitriou",
  TITLE     = "Elements of the Theory of Computation",
  PUBLISHER = "Prentice-Hall International",
  ADDRESS   = "London",
  YEAR      = 1981,
  SERIES    = "Prentice-Hall Software Series",
  NOTE      = "Brian W. Kernighan, advisor"
  }

@BOOK{
  Minsky:Computation,
  AUTHOR    = "Marvin L. Minsky",
  TITLE     = "Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines",
  PUBLISHER = "Prentice-Hall Inc.",
  ADDRESS   = "Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey",
  SERIES    = "Prentice-Hall Series in Automatic Computation",
  YEAR      = 1967
  }

@BOOK{
  Maturana:TreeOfKnowledge,
  AUTHOR    = "Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela",
  TITLE     = "The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of
               Human Understanding",
  PUBLISHER = "New Science Library (Shambhala)",
  ADDRESS   = "Boston",
  YEAR      = 1987
  }

@BOOK{
  Boden:ModelsOfMind,
  AUTHOR    = "Margaret A. Boden",
  TITLE     = "Computer Models of Mind",
  PUBLISHER = "Cambridge University Press",
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge",
  YEAR      = 1988
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Zeleny:SelfOrganization,
  AUTHOR    = "Milan Zeleny",
  TITLE     = "Self-Organization of Living Systems: A Formal
               Model of Autopoiesis",
  JOURNAL   = "International Journal of General Systems",
  YEAR      = 1977,
  VOLUME    = 4,
  PAGES     = "13--28"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Zeleny:SelfRenewingSystems,
  AUTHOR    = "Milan Zelany and Norbert A. Pierre",
  TITLE     = "Simulation of Self-Renewing Systems",
  CROSSREF  = "Jantsch:Evolution",
  CHAPTER   = 7,
  PAGES     = "150--165",
  NOTE      = ""
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Ray:SynthesisOfLife,
  AUTHOR    = "Thomas S. Ray",
  TITLE     = "An Approach to the Synthesis of Life",
  CROSSREF  = "Langton:ALife2",
  PAGES     = "371--408",
  NOTE      = ""
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Rasmussen:VENUS,
  AUTHOR    = "Steen Rasmussen and Carsten Knudsen and Rasmus
               Feldberg and Morten Hindsholm",
  TITLE     = "The Coreworld: Emergence and Evolution of
               Cooperative Structures in a Computational Chemistry",
  JOURNAL   = "Physica",
  YEAR      = 1990,
  VOLUME    = "42D",
  PAGES     = "111--134"
  }

@TECHREPORT{
  Brooks:AchievingAI,
  AUTHOR      = "Rodney A. Brooks",
  TITLE       = "Achieving Artificial Intelligence Through
                 Building Robots",
  INSTITUTION = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
                 Artificial Intelligence Laboratory",
  YEAR        = 1986,
  TYPE        = "A.I. Memo",
  NUMBER      = 899,
  MONTH       = May
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Farmer:Alife,
  AUTHOR    = "J. Doyne Farmer and Alleta d'A. Belin",
  TITLE     = "Artificial Life: The Coming Evolution",
  CROSSREF  = "Langton:ALife2",
  PAGES     = "815--838",
  NOTE      = ""
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Campbell:EvolutionaryEpistemology,
  AUTHOR    = "Donald T. Campbell",
  TITLE     = "Evolutionary Epistemology",
  CROSSREF  = "Schilpp:Popper",
  PAGES     = "413--463 (Book~I)",
  NOTE      = "Also reprinted as {\em Chap.~II, pages 47--89
               of:\/} \cciteAD{Radnitzky:EvolutionaryEpistemology}"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Campbell:UnjustifiedVariation,
  AUTHOR    = "Donald T. Campbell",
  TITLE     = "Unjustified Variation and Selective Retention
               in Scientific Discovery",
  CROSSREF  = "Ayala:PhilosophyOfBiology",
  CHAPTER   = 9,
  PAGES     = "139--161"
  }

@TECHREPORT{
  McMullin:DarwinianOntology,
  AUTHOR      = "Barry McMullin",
  TITLE       = "Essays on Darwinism. 1: Ontological Foundations",
  INSTITUTION = "School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University",
  YEAR        = "1992",
  MONTH       = Mar,
  NUMBER      = "{\tt bmcm9201}",
  TYPE        = "Technical Report",
  ADDRESS     = "Dublin 9, Ireland",
  URL       = "ftp://ftp.eeng.dcu.ie/pub/autonomy/bmcm9201/"
  }

@TECHREPORT{
  McMullin:Organismic,
  AUTHOR      = "Barry McMullin",
  TITLE       = "Essays on Darwinism. 2: Organismic Darwinism",
  INSTITUTION = "School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University",
  YEAR        = "1992",
  MONTH       = Apr,
  NUMBER      = "{\tt bmcm9202}",
  TYPE        = "Technical Report",
  ADDRESS     = "Dublin 9, Ireland",
  URL       = "ftp://ftp.eeng.dcu.ie/pub/autonomy/bmcm9202/"
  }

@TECHREPORT{
  McMullin:GenicAndOrganismic,
  AUTHOR      = "Barry McMullin",
  TITLE       = "Essays on Darwinism. 3: Genic and Organismic Selection",
  INSTITUTION = "School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University",
  YEAR        = "1992",
  MONTH       = "May",
  NUMBER      = "{\tt bmcm9203}",
  TYPE        = "Technical Report",
  ADDRESS     = "Dublin 9, Ireland",
  URL       = "ftp://ftp.eeng.dcu.ie/pub/autonomy/bmcm9203/"
  }

@INPROCEEDINGS{
  McMullin:AVsRevisited,
  AUTHOR    = "Barry McMullin",
  TITLE     = "The Holland $\alpha$-Universes Revisited",
  CROSSREF  = "Varela:ECAL91",
  PAGES     = "317--326",
  NOTE      = "The preliminary results reported in this paper
  were subsequently elaborated in much more detail in
  \cciteAD[Chapter~5]{McMullin:ArtificialKnowledge}"
}

@ARTICLE{
  Kemeny:ManAsMachine,
  AUTHOR    = "John G. Kemeny",
  TITLE     = "Man Viewed as a Machine",
  JOURNAL   = "Scientific American",
  YEAR      = 1955,
  VOLUME    = 192,
  NUMBER    = 4,
  PAGES     = "58--67",
  MONTH     = Apr
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  Holland:StudiesOfSpontaneousEmergence,
  AUTHOR    = "John H. Holland",
  TITLE     = "Studies of the Spontaneous Emergence of
               Self-Replicating Systems Using Cellular Automata and Formal
               Grammars",
  BOOKTITLE = "Automata, Languages, Development",
  PUBLISHER = "North-Holland",
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
  YEAR      = 1976,
  EDITOR    = "A. Lindenmayer and G. Rozenberg",
  PAGES     = "385--404"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  VonNeumann:TheoryOfAutomata,
  AUTHOR    = "John von Neumann",
  TITLE     = "The Theory of Automata: Construction,
               Reproduction, Homogeneity",
  CROSSREF  = "Burks:TSRA",
  PAGES     = "89--250",
  NOTE      = "Based on an unfinished manuscript by von~Neumann.
               Edited for publication by A.W.~Burks"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  VonNeumann:ComplicatedAutomata,
  AUTHOR    = "John von Neumann",
  TITLE     = "Theory and Organization of Complicated Automata",
  CROSSREF  = "Burks:TSRA",
  PAGES     = "29--87 (Part One)",
  NOTE      = "Based on transcripts of lectures delivered at the
               University of Illinois, in December 1949. Edited
               for publication by A.W.~Burks"
  }

@INCOLLECTION{
  VonNeumann:GeneralAndLogical,
  AUTHOR    = "John von Neumann",
  TITLE     = "The General and Logical Theory of Automata",
  CROSSREF  = "Taub:VonNeumann",
  YEAR      = 1951,
  CHAPTER   = 9,
  PAGES     = "288--328",
  NOTE      = "First published 1951 as {\em pages 1--41 of:\/} L.
               Jeffress, A.~(ed), {\em Cerebral Mechanisms in
               Behavior---The Hixon Symposium}, New York: John
               Wiley\nocite{Taub:VonNeumann}"
  }
The \nocite{Taub:VonNeumann} is necessary to *ensure* that the
Taub:VonNeumann entry will be *separately* included in the
bibliography (in general, things like that are automatically
included only if they are CROSSREF'ed by *two* or more other
entries, which this one is not). It is essential that it *be*
separately included because I want the date on
VonNeumann:GeneralAndLogical to be different from it, which would
not be possible (?) with the standard styles if they were
squeezed into a common entry....

@PHDTHESIS{
  McMullin:ArtificialKnowledge,
  AUTHOR      = "Finbarr (Barry) Vincent McMullin",
  TITLE       = "Artificial Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach",
  SCHOOL      = "Ollscoil na h{\'E}ireann, The National
                 University of Ireland, University College
                 Dublin, Department of Computer Science",
  YEAR        = "1992",
  URL       = "ftp://ftp.eeng.dcu.ie/pub/autonomy/bmcm_phd/"
  }

@BOOK{
  Varela:BiologicalAutonomy,
  AUTHOR    = "Francisco J. Varela",
  TITLE     = "Principles of Biological Autonomy",
  PUBLISHER = "North-Holland",
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
  YEAR      = 1979
  }

@BOOK{
  Holland:ANAS,
  AUTHOR    = "John H. Holland",
  TITLE     = "Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems",
  PUBLISHER = "The University of Michigan Press",
  ADDRESS   = "Ann Arbor",
  YEAR      = 1975
  }

@ARTICLE{
  Varela:Autopoiesis,
  AUTHOR    = "Francisco J. Varela and Humberto R. Maturana and
               R. Uribe",
  TITLE     = "Autopoiesis: The Organization of Living Systems,
               its Characterization and a Model",
  JOURNAL   = "BioSystems",
  YEAR      = 1974,
  VOLUME    = 5,
  PAGES     = "187--196"
  }

@BOOK{
  Varela:ECAL91,
  TITLE     = "Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems:
               Proceedings of the First European Conference on
               Artificial Life",
  BOOKTITLE = "Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems:
               Proceedings of the First European Conference on
               Artificial Life",
  SERIES    = "Series: Complex Adaptive Systems",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge",
  YEAR      = "1992",
  EDITOR    = "Francisco J. Varela and Paul Bourgine",
  NOTE      = "Series Advisors: John H. Holland, Christopher
               Langton and Stewart W. Wilson"
  }

@BOOK{
  Langton:ALife1,
  EDITOR    = "Christopher G. Langton",
  TITLE     = "Artifical Life",
  BOOKTITLE = "Artifical Life",
  PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.",
  ADDRESS   = "Redwood City, California",
  YEAR      = 1989,
  VOLUME    = "VI",
  SERIES    = "Series: Sante Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences
               of Complexity",
  NOTE      = "Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on
               the synthesis and simulation of living systems held
               September, 1987, in Los Alamos, New Mexico"
  }

@BOOK{
  Langton:ALife2,
  EDITOR    = "Christopher G. Langton and Charles Taylor and J.
               Doyne Farmer and Steen Rasmussen",
  TITLE     = "Artifical Life II",
  BOOKTITLE = "Artifical Life II",
  PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.",
  ADDRESS   = "Redwood City, California",
  YEAR      = 1992,
  VOLUME    = "X",
  SERIES    = "Series: Sante Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences
               of Complexity",
  NOTE      = "Proceedings of the workshop on
               Artificial Life held
               February, 1990, in Sante Fe, New Mexico"
  }

@BOOK{
  Maturana:AutopoiesisAndCognition,
  AUTHOR    = "Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela",
  TITLE     = "Autopoiesis and Cognition:
               The Realization of the Living",
  BOOKTITLE = "Autopoiesis and Cognition:
               The Realization of the Living",
  PUBLISHER = "D. Reidel Publishing Company",
  ADDRESS   = "Dordrecht, Holland",
  YEAR      = 1980,
  SERIES    = "Series: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science",
  VOLUME    = 42,
  NOTE      = "With a preface to `Autopoiesis' by Stafford Beer.
               Series editors: Robert S. Cohen and Marx W.
               Wartofsky."
  }

@BOOK{
  Dennett:IntentionalStance,
  AUTHOR    = "Daniel C. Dennett",
  BOOKTITLE = "The Intentional Stance",
  TITLE     = "The Intentional Stance",
  PUBLISHER = "The MIT Press",
  ADDRESS   = "Cambridge, Massachusetts",
  YEAR      = 1987
  }

@BOOK{
  Schilpp:Popper,
  EDITOR    = "Paul Arthur Schilpp",
  TITLE     = "The Philosophy of Karl Popper",
  BOOKTITLE = "The Philosophy of Karl Popper",
  PUBLISHER = "Open Court",
  ADDRESS   = "Illinois",
  YEAR      = 1974,
  VOLUME    = "XIV",
  SERIES    = "The Library of Living Philosophers"
  }

@BOOK{
  Taub:VonNeumann,
  TITLE     = "John von Neumann: Collected Works. Volume V:
               Design of Computers, Theory of Automata and
               Numerical Analysis",
  BOOKTITLE = "John von Neumann: Collected Works. Volume V:
               Design of Computers, Theory of Automata and
               Numerical Analysis",
  PUBLISHER = "Pergamon Press",
  ADDRESS   = "Oxford",
  YEAR      = 1961,
  EDITOR    = "A. H. Taub",
  UCD       = "5/6:92 NEU (Dewey)"
  }

@BOOK{
  Burks:TSRA,
  EDITOR    = "Arthur W. Burks",
  TITLE     = "Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata [by] John
               von~Neumann",
  BOOKTITLE = "Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata [by] John
               von~Neumann",
  PUBLISHER = "University of Illinois Press",
  ADDRESS   = "Urbana",
  YEAR      = 1966
  }

@BOOK{
  Jantsch:Evolution,
  EDITOR    = "Erich Jantsch and Conrad H. Waddington",
  TITLE     = "Evolution and Consciousness: Human Systems in
               Transition",
  BOOKTITLE = "Evolution and Consciousness: Human Systems in
               Transition",
  PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley Publishing Company",
  ADDRESS   = "Reading, Massachusetts",
  YEAR      = 1976
  }

@BOOK{
  Radnitzky:EvolutionaryEpistemology,
  EDITOR    = "Gerard Radnitzky and Bartley, III, W. W.",
  TITLE     = "Evolutionary Epistemology, Rationality, and the
               Sociology of Knowledge",
  BOOKTITLE = "Evolutionary Epistemology, Rationality, and the
               Sociology of Knowledge",
  PUBLISHER = "Open Court",
  ADDRESS   = "La Salle, Illinois",
  YEAR      = 1987
  }

@BOOK{
  Ayala:PhilosophyOfBiology,
  EDITOR    = "Francisco Jose Ayala and Theodosius Dobzhansky",
  TITLE     = "Studies in the Philosophy of Biology",
  BOOKTITLE = "Studies in the Philosophy of Biology",
  PUBLISHER = "The Macmillan Press Ltd.",
  ADDRESS   = "London",
  YEAR      = 1974,
  UCD       = "5.01:57"
  }

@BOOK{
  Davis:Undecidable,
  EDITOR    = "Martin Davis",
  TITLE     = "The Undecidable",
  PUBLISHER = "Raven Press",
  ADDRESS   = "New York",
  YEAR      = 1965
  }

@BOOK{
  Burks:ECA,
  EDITOR    = "Arthur W. Burks",
  TITLE     = "Essays on Cellular Automata",
  BOOKTITLE = "Essays on Cellular Automata",
  PUBLISHER = "University of Illinois Press",
  ADDRESS   = "Urbana",
  YEAR      = 1970
  }

@BOOK{
  Yovits:SOS59,
  EDITOR    = "Marshall C. Yovits and Scott Cameron",
  TITLE     = "Self-Organizing Systems",
  BOOKTITLE = "Self-Organizing Systems",
  PUBLISHER = "Pergamon Press",
  ADDRESS   = "Oxford",
  YEAR      = 1960,
  NOTE      = "Proceedings of an interdisciplinary conference,
               5~and 6~May, 1959"
  }


@INCOLLECTION{
  Maturana:Autopoiesis,
  AUTHOR    = "Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela",
  TITLE     = "Autopoiesis: The Organization of the
               Living",
  CROSSREF  = "Maturana:AutopoiesisAndCognition",
  PAGES     = "59--138",
  YEAR      = 1973,
  NOTE      = "Dated 1973.  First published 1972 in Chile under
               the title {\em De Maquinas y Seres Vivos},
               Editorial Universitaria S.A."
  }

@BOOK{
  Michalski:MachineLearning2,
  EDITOR    = "Ryszard S. Michalski and Jaime G. Carbonell and
               Tom M. Mitchell",
  TITLE     = "Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence
               Approach: Volume II",
  BOOKTITLE = "Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence
               Approach: Volume II",
  PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc.",
  ADDRESS   = "Los Altos, California",
  YEAR      = 1986
  }